Applications of Quantum Mechanics in Secure Communication

Over the last half century, the components of computers have become smaller by a factor of two every 18 months, a phenomenon known as Moore’s law. In state-of-the-art computers, the smallest wires and transistors are approaching 100 nm feature size, which is approximately 1000x the diameter of an atom. Quantum mechanics is the theory of physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy in extreme conditions, such as short times and tiny distances. As transistors and wires become smaller and smaller, they inevitably begin to behave in intrinsically quantum mechanical ways. In this chapter it will be shown how it can be possible by using simple principles of quantum mechanics to reach a new field of communication science, named quantum communication. Also, the most recent development in quantum secure communication will be introduced and finally, the new method of secure dialogue between two agents (Alice, Bob), with the help of measurement concept in quantum mechanics will be presented.