Blockchain based trading platform for electric vehicle charging in smart cities

This paper presents a novel blockchain-based energy trading architecture for electric vehicles (EVs) within smart cities. By allowing local renewable energy providers to supply public charging stations, EV drivers can gain access to affordable energy and optimally plan for their charging operations. For this purpose, we present a smart-contract based trading platform that runs on top of a private Ethereum network. Contrary to existing solutions, we rely on the legacy billing and metering of the existing utility company in order to avoid making major changes to the existing infrastructure. The trading logic, including the auction mechanism, used to exchange energy can be defined in a smart-contract and applied within the platform. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of some existing auction mechanisms and the underlying private Ethereum network in supporting the corresponding energy trading transaction load. We develop a virtualization-based simulator for Ethereum and measure both the transaction throughput and latency under different network and workload scenarios. The obtained results have shown that the current Ethereum implementation can support charging requests from EVs during peak hours in very crowded cities, such as Singapore.