Competition law, regulation, and trade implications for productivity and innovation in Singaporean manufacturing SMES

This chapter considers the impact that competition law, regulation, and trade have on productivity and innovation among small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector of Singapore. SMEs account for more than two-thirds of all employment, and 99 per cent of all businesses registered in Singapore (Department of Statistics Singapore 2014). Singapore's industrial and manufacturing focus has evolved since the founding of the Republic in 1965. Its industrial emphasis shifted from labour-intensive products that had limited value-added in the 1960s to export-oriented and semi-automated products in the 1970s. The 1980s saw the rapid expansion of the services sector, as well as a transition to high value-added manufacturing. However, over the past two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector in gross domestic product (GDP) has diminished, crowded out by a rapidly growing services sector. The manufacturing sector, and SMEs especially, have recorded weak total factor productivity (TFP) growth while maintaining a high dependence on foreign labour. Singapore has sought to explicitly address these challenges by raising productivity and wages of the resident labour force. As over two-thirds of the labour force is employed in SMEs, initiatives to increase the productivity of SMEs have received significant policy attention.

The chapter commences by explaining the rationale for the current productivity drive in Singapore and the importance placed on lifting the performance of SMEs. Following this, it examines the nexus between competition law, productivity, and innovation, paying particular attention to the key features of the competition law regime in Singapore.