Effects of thermal annealing upon the nanomorphology of poly(3-hexylselenophene)-PCBM blends

Samuele Lilliu; Tiziano Agostinelli; Eric Verploegen; Ellis Pires; Mark Hampton; Mohammed Al-Hashimi; Martin J. Heeney; Michael F. Toney; Jenny Nelson; J. Emyr MacDonald

doi:10.1002/marc.201100330

Effects of thermal annealing upon the nanomorphology of poly(3-hexylselenophene)-PCBM blends

Samuele Lilliu^*, Tiziano Agostinelli, Eric Verploegen, Ellis Pires, Mark Hampton, Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Martin J. Heeney, Michael F. Toney, Jenny Nelson, J. Emyr MacDonald

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) is used to characterize the crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) films and blend films of P3HS with [6-6-]-phenyl-C ₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a function of 'step-by-step' thermal annealing, from room temperature to 250 °C. The temperature-dependent GIXRD data show how the melting point of P3HS crystallites is decreased by the presence of PCBM. P3HS crystallite domain sizes dramatically increase upon annealing to the P3HS melting temperature. The formation of well-oriented HMW P3HS crystallites with the (100) plane parallel to the substrate (edge-on orientation), when cooled from melt, are observed. We compare the behaviour of P3HS pure and blend films with that of poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) pure and PCBM blended films and suggest that the similar temperature dependent behaviour we observe may be a common to polythiophene and related polymers and their blends. The crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) and phenyl-C ₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has been characterized by GI-XRD, during in situ 'step-by-step' thermal annealing from room temperature to 250°C.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1454-1460
Number of pages	7
Journal	Macromolecular Rapid Communications
Volume	32
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201100330
Publication status	Published - 15 Sept 2011
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

conjugated polymers
crystallization
disorder
fullerenes
wide-angle X-ray scattering

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10.1002/marc.201100330

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title = "Effects of thermal annealing upon the nanomorphology of poly(3-hexylselenophene)-PCBM blends",

abstract = "Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) is used to characterize the crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) films and blend films of P3HS with [6-6-]-phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a function of 'step-by-step' thermal annealing, from room temperature to 250 °C. The temperature-dependent GIXRD data show how the melting point of P3HS crystallites is decreased by the presence of PCBM. P3HS crystallite domain sizes dramatically increase upon annealing to the P3HS melting temperature. The formation of well-oriented HMW P3HS crystallites with the (100) plane parallel to the substrate (edge-on orientation), when cooled from melt, are observed. We compare the behaviour of P3HS pure and blend films with that of poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) pure and PCBM blended films and suggest that the similar temperature dependent behaviour we observe may be a common to polythiophene and related polymers and their blends. The crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) and phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has been characterized by GI-XRD, during in situ 'step-by-step' thermal annealing from room temperature to 250°C.",

keywords = "conjugated polymers, crystallization, disorder, fullerenes, wide-angle X-ray scattering",

author = "Samuele Lilliu and Tiziano Agostinelli and Eric Verploegen and Ellis Pires and Mark Hampton and Mohammed Al-Hashimi and Heeney, {Martin J.} and Toney, {Michael F.} and Jenny Nelson and MacDonald, {J. Emyr}",

year = "2011",

month = sep,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1002/marc.201100330",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

pages = "1454--1460",

journal = "Macromolecular Rapid Communications",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of thermal annealing upon the nanomorphology of poly(3-hexylselenophene)-PCBM blends

AU - Lilliu, Samuele

AU - Agostinelli, Tiziano

AU - Verploegen, Eric

AU - Pires, Ellis

AU - Hampton, Mark

AU - Al-Hashimi, Mohammed

AU - Heeney, Martin J.

AU - Toney, Michael F.

AU - Nelson, Jenny

AU - MacDonald, J. Emyr

PY - 2011/9/15

Y1 - 2011/9/15

N2 - Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) is used to characterize the crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) films and blend films of P3HS with [6-6-]-phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a function of 'step-by-step' thermal annealing, from room temperature to 250 °C. The temperature-dependent GIXRD data show how the melting point of P3HS crystallites is decreased by the presence of PCBM. P3HS crystallite domain sizes dramatically increase upon annealing to the P3HS melting temperature. The formation of well-oriented HMW P3HS crystallites with the (100) plane parallel to the substrate (edge-on orientation), when cooled from melt, are observed. We compare the behaviour of P3HS pure and blend films with that of poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) pure and PCBM blended films and suggest that the similar temperature dependent behaviour we observe may be a common to polythiophene and related polymers and their blends. The crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) and phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has been characterized by GI-XRD, during in situ 'step-by-step' thermal annealing from room temperature to 250°C.

AB - Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) is used to characterize the crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) films and blend films of P3HS with [6-6-]-phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a function of 'step-by-step' thermal annealing, from room temperature to 250 °C. The temperature-dependent GIXRD data show how the melting point of P3HS crystallites is decreased by the presence of PCBM. P3HS crystallite domain sizes dramatically increase upon annealing to the P3HS melting temperature. The formation of well-oriented HMW P3HS crystallites with the (100) plane parallel to the substrate (edge-on orientation), when cooled from melt, are observed. We compare the behaviour of P3HS pure and blend films with that of poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) pure and PCBM blended films and suggest that the similar temperature dependent behaviour we observe may be a common to polythiophene and related polymers and their blends. The crystallographic dynamics of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) and phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has been characterized by GI-XRD, during in situ 'step-by-step' thermal annealing from room temperature to 250°C.

KW - conjugated polymers

KW - crystallization

KW - disorder

KW - fullerenes

KW - wide-angle X-ray scattering

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80052527472&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/marc.201100330

DO - 10.1002/marc.201100330

M3 - Article

C2 - 21739510

AN - SCOPUS:80052527472

SN - 1022-1336

VL - 32

SP - 1454

EP - 1460

JO - Macromolecular Rapid Communications

JF - Macromolecular Rapid Communications

IS - 18

ER -

Effects of thermal annealing upon the nanomorphology of poly(3-hexylselenophene)-PCBM blends

Abstract

Keywords

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