TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrooxidation behavior of ethanol toward carbon microbead-encapsulated ZnO particles derived from coffee waste
AU - Ghouri, Zafar Khan
AU - Elsaid, Khaled
AU - Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed
AU - Abdala, Ahmed
AU - Farhad, Mohammad Zahid
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/5/1
Y1 - 2020/5/1
N2 - Carbon microbead-encapsulated ZnO (CM-ZnO) particles have been synthesized from the spent coffee ground (SCG) by chemical activation with ZnCl2 followed by calcination at 700 ℃ in N2 environment. Interestingly, ZnCl2 can act as an activating agent as well as a precursor for ZnO particles. The structure of the core and shell of the CM-ZnO was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the presence of the encapsulated ZnO particles. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) plots showed a well-developed porous structure with a specific surface area of 210 m2/g, average pore volume of 1.12 cm3/g, and an average pore radius of 31.7 Å. The electrooxidation behavior of ethanol toward the synthesized CM-ZnO was then studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. For comparison, two types of modified electrodes were prepared: the first one with the non-activated SCG and the second one with the CM-ZnO. The electrochemical measurements of the prepared CM-ZnO demonstrated higher electrocatalytic activity with a current density of ~ 35 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl for ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium. The electrochemical measurements specified that the presence of ZnO particles and the high surface area of the activated sample have a significant influence on electrooxidation activity. Therefore, the introduced CM-ZnO particles could be an alternative and effective non-precious electrocatalyst for ethanol electrooxidation.
AB - Carbon microbead-encapsulated ZnO (CM-ZnO) particles have been synthesized from the spent coffee ground (SCG) by chemical activation with ZnCl2 followed by calcination at 700 ℃ in N2 environment. Interestingly, ZnCl2 can act as an activating agent as well as a precursor for ZnO particles. The structure of the core and shell of the CM-ZnO was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the presence of the encapsulated ZnO particles. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) plots showed a well-developed porous structure with a specific surface area of 210 m2/g, average pore volume of 1.12 cm3/g, and an average pore radius of 31.7 Å. The electrooxidation behavior of ethanol toward the synthesized CM-ZnO was then studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. For comparison, two types of modified electrodes were prepared: the first one with the non-activated SCG and the second one with the CM-ZnO. The electrochemical measurements of the prepared CM-ZnO demonstrated higher electrocatalytic activity with a current density of ~ 35 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl for ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium. The electrochemical measurements specified that the presence of ZnO particles and the high surface area of the activated sample have a significant influence on electrooxidation activity. Therefore, the introduced CM-ZnO particles could be an alternative and effective non-precious electrocatalyst for ethanol electrooxidation.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082014984&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10854-020-03209-w
DO - 10.1007/s10854-020-03209-w
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082014984
SN - 0957-4522
VL - 31
SP - 6530
EP - 6537
JO - Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
JF - Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
IS - 9
ER -