Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm2Se3/g-C3N4) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium

Rashid Fareed; Ambreen Bashir; Soumaya Gouadria; Sana Iqbal; Muhammad Rafaqat; Chang Feng Yan; Said Mansour; Shoukat Alim Khan; Muammer Koc; Tauseef Munawar; Faisal Iqbal

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609

Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium

Rashid Fareed, Ambreen Bashir, Soumaya Gouadria, Sana Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaqat, Chang Feng Yan, Said Mansour, Shoukat Alim Khan, Muammer Koc, Tauseef Munawar^*, Faisal Iqbal^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Developing low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts to drive hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in electrochemical water splitting is a crucial demand on an industrial scale. In this work, the hydrothermal strategy is adopted to fabricate an electrocatalyst based on Sm₂Se₃ and Sm₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄ on stainless steel (SS) substrate and reported the OER/HER catalytic performance of both catalysts in an alkaline medium. The different characterization techniques confirm excellent physical properties like phase purity, chemical interaction, chemical composition, and porous sheet-like structure of composite material. Interestingly, this interconnected porous network showed excellent conductivity and abundant active sites, improving OER/HER. The composite catalyst required a low overpotential of 218 mV (for OER) and 277 mV (for HER) to obtain a 10 mA cm⁻² current density. The values of Tafel slope and polarization resistance were reduced in the Sm₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄ electrocatalyst. In addition, the chronoamperometry test over 45 h confirmed the excellent stability of the composite. This work demonstrates that the strong coupling of metal chalcogenide with C-support opens a new avenue for designing an efficient electrocatalyst for water-splitting applications.

Original language	English
Article number	130609
Number of pages	13
Journal	Materials Chemistry and Physics
Volume	337
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2025

Keywords

Abundant active sites
Electrochemical water splitting
Elemental interaction
Lattice defects
SmSe/g-CN

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10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609

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Fareed, R., Bashir, A., Gouadria, S., Iqbal, S., Rafaqat, M., Yan, C. F., Mansour, S., Khan, S. A., Koc, M., Munawar, T., & Iqbal, F. (2025). Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 337, Article 130609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609

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title = "Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm2Se3/g-C3N4) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium",

abstract = "Developing low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts to drive hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in electrochemical water splitting is a crucial demand on an industrial scale. In this work, the hydrothermal strategy is adopted to fabricate an electrocatalyst based on Sm2Se3 and Sm2Se3/g-C3N4 on stainless steel (SS) substrate and reported the OER/HER catalytic performance of both catalysts in an alkaline medium. The different characterization techniques confirm excellent physical properties like phase purity, chemical interaction, chemical composition, and porous sheet-like structure of composite material. Interestingly, this interconnected porous network showed excellent conductivity and abundant active sites, improving OER/HER. The composite catalyst required a low overpotential of 218 mV (for OER) and 277 mV (for HER) to obtain a 10 mA cm−2 current density. The values of Tafel slope and polarization resistance were reduced in the Sm2Se3/g-C3N4 electrocatalyst. In addition, the chronoamperometry test over 45 h confirmed the excellent stability of the composite. This work demonstrates that the strong coupling of metal chalcogenide with C-support opens a new avenue for designing an efficient electrocatalyst for water-splitting applications.",

keywords = "Abundant active sites, Electrochemical water splitting, Elemental interaction, Lattice defects, SmSe/g-CN",

author = "Rashid Fareed and Ambreen Bashir and Soumaya Gouadria and Sana Iqbal and Muhammad Rafaqat and Yan, {Chang Feng} and Said Mansour and Khan, {Shoukat Alim} and Muammer Koc and Tauseef Munawar and Faisal Iqbal",

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year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609",

language = "English",

volume = "337",

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Fareed, R, Bashir, A, Gouadria, S, Iqbal, S, Rafaqat, M, Yan, CF, Mansour, S, Khan, SA, Koc, M, Munawar, T & Iqbal, F 2025, 'Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 337, 130609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609

TY - JOUR

T1 - Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm2Se3/g-C3N4) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium

AU - Fareed, Rashid

AU - Bashir, Ambreen

AU - Gouadria, Soumaya

AU - Iqbal, Sana

AU - Rafaqat, Muhammad

AU - Yan, Chang Feng

AU - Mansour, Said

AU - Khan, Shoukat Alim

AU - Koc, Muammer

AU - Munawar, Tauseef

AU - Iqbal, Faisal

PY - 2025/6/1

Y1 - 2025/6/1

N2 - Developing low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts to drive hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in electrochemical water splitting is a crucial demand on an industrial scale. In this work, the hydrothermal strategy is adopted to fabricate an electrocatalyst based on Sm2Se3 and Sm2Se3/g-C3N4 on stainless steel (SS) substrate and reported the OER/HER catalytic performance of both catalysts in an alkaline medium. The different characterization techniques confirm excellent physical properties like phase purity, chemical interaction, chemical composition, and porous sheet-like structure of composite material. Interestingly, this interconnected porous network showed excellent conductivity and abundant active sites, improving OER/HER. The composite catalyst required a low overpotential of 218 mV (for OER) and 277 mV (for HER) to obtain a 10 mA cm−2 current density. The values of Tafel slope and polarization resistance were reduced in the Sm2Se3/g-C3N4 electrocatalyst. In addition, the chronoamperometry test over 45 h confirmed the excellent stability of the composite. This work demonstrates that the strong coupling of metal chalcogenide with C-support opens a new avenue for designing an efficient electrocatalyst for water-splitting applications.

AB - Developing low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts to drive hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in electrochemical water splitting is a crucial demand on an industrial scale. In this work, the hydrothermal strategy is adopted to fabricate an electrocatalyst based on Sm2Se3 and Sm2Se3/g-C3N4 on stainless steel (SS) substrate and reported the OER/HER catalytic performance of both catalysts in an alkaline medium. The different characterization techniques confirm excellent physical properties like phase purity, chemical interaction, chemical composition, and porous sheet-like structure of composite material. Interestingly, this interconnected porous network showed excellent conductivity and abundant active sites, improving OER/HER. The composite catalyst required a low overpotential of 218 mV (for OER) and 277 mV (for HER) to obtain a 10 mA cm−2 current density. The values of Tafel slope and polarization resistance were reduced in the Sm2Se3/g-C3N4 electrocatalyst. In addition, the chronoamperometry test over 45 h confirmed the excellent stability of the composite. This work demonstrates that the strong coupling of metal chalcogenide with C-support opens a new avenue for designing an efficient electrocatalyst for water-splitting applications.

KW - Abundant active sites

KW - Electrochemical water splitting

KW - Elemental interaction

KW - Lattice defects

KW - SmSe/g-CN

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U2 - 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609

DO - 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130609

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85218884329

SN - 0254-0584

VL - 337

JO - Materials Chemistry and Physics

JF - Materials Chemistry and Physics

M1 - 130609

ER -

Exploiting synergistic effects of graphitic carbon nitride-supported samarium selenide (Sm₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite for efficient OER/HER in an alkaline medium

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Keywords

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