TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluoride content in drinking water of the rural areas of Divandarreh city, Kurdistan province, Iran
T2 - a non-carcinogenic risk assessment
AU - Ghahramani, Esmaiel
AU - Kamarehie, Bahram
AU - Rezaiee, Reza
AU - Jafari, Ali
AU - Azimi, Faramarz
AU - Darvishmotevalli, Mohammad
AU - Faridan, Mohammad
AU - Maleki, Afshin
AU - Zandsalimi, Yahiya
AU - Karami, Mohammad Amin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - In this study, the concentration of fluoride in water resources and its associated health risks were investigated by collecting water samples from 43 villages around the city of Divandarreh during the rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.23 to 2.08 mg L−1 for the rainy season and 0.1 to 1.95 mg L−1 for the dry season. Based on the results, 51.16% of the analysed samples from the rainy season and 58.13% from the dry season were within the standard range required by WHO (0.5–1.5 mg/l). The results from the health risk assessment showed that children were exposed to the higher levels of risk in most of the studied villages. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for all groups of the studied population was higher than 1 in Alijan, Babarar, Gheshlagh sefid and Abbareh villages. In conclusion, the reduction of fluoride content in the drinking water and regular monitoring of water resources can play a vital role in preventing non-carcinogenic fluoride adverse health effects.
AB - In this study, the concentration of fluoride in water resources and its associated health risks were investigated by collecting water samples from 43 villages around the city of Divandarreh during the rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.23 to 2.08 mg L−1 for the rainy season and 0.1 to 1.95 mg L−1 for the dry season. Based on the results, 51.16% of the analysed samples from the rainy season and 58.13% from the dry season were within the standard range required by WHO (0.5–1.5 mg/l). The results from the health risk assessment showed that children were exposed to the higher levels of risk in most of the studied villages. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for all groups of the studied population was higher than 1 in Alijan, Babarar, Gheshlagh sefid and Abbareh villages. In conclusion, the reduction of fluoride content in the drinking water and regular monitoring of water resources can play a vital role in preventing non-carcinogenic fluoride adverse health effects.
KW - Divandarreh
KW - drinking water
KW - Fluoride
KW - Monte Carlo simulation
KW - risk assessment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097522245&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/03067319.2020.1857752
DO - 10.1080/03067319.2020.1857752
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097522245
SN - 0306-7319
VL - 103
SP - 341
EP - 353
JO - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
IS - 2
ER -