Islamic reformist discourses and intellectuals in turkey: Permanent religion with dynamic law

As early as the late eighteenth century, Ottoman Turkey became the?rst Muslim state to reform its administrative, educational, military, and, eventually, political systems. It was also?rst to introduce religious reform, including measures such as granting equal rights to religious minorities and development of a religious theoretical framework to legitimize its overall reform project. Despite this history, in terms of theory Islamic reformist discourse in Turkey has remained underdeveloped.