Abstract
A novel process, termed the co-combustion process, has been developed and designed to utilise the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) in cement clinker production and reduce PCDD/PCDF emissions. To test the conceptual design; detailed engineering design of the process and equipment was performed and a pilot plant was constructed to treat up to 40 tonnes MSW per day. The novel process features included several units external to the main traditional cement rotary kiln:•an external rotary kiln and secondary combustion unit capable of producing a hot gas at 1200 °C;•an external calcinations unit in which the hot gas calcined the limestone thus making significant energy savings for this chemical reaction;•the lime generated was used in a second chamber to act as a giant acid gas scrubber to remove SOx and particularly HCl (a source of chloride);•a gas cooler to simulate a boiler turbogenerator set for electricity generation;•the incorporation of some of the bottom ash, calcined lime and dust collector solids into the cement clinker. A PCDD/PCDF inventory has been completed for the entire process and measured PCDD/PCDF emissions were 0.001 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 on average which is 1% of the best practical means [Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 2001. A guidance note on the best practicable means for incinerators (municipal waste incineration), BPM12/1] MSW incineration emission limit values.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 682-688 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Chemosphere |
Volume | 70 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2008 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cement clinker production
- Combustion
- Municipal solid waste
- PCDD/PCDF reduction