Power System Stability with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources: Challenges, Assessment, and Mitigation Strategies

The incorporation of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems has significantly increased in recent years due to growing environmental, economic, and energy security concerns, posing new challenges for power system stability. This paper first presents a modified stability categories classification for power systems with increased RES penetration, distinguishing between fundamental and non-fundamental stability. Moreover, the paper comprehensively surveys the existing techniques for evaluating power system stability (PSS) with high RES penetration. It highlights key factors such as the level of RES penetration, network topology, assessment and mitigation strategies, and the simulation tools used. The PSS methodologies in the literature are categorized into three main categories: model-based, optimization-based, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches. This survey aims to equip researchers and practitioners with a coherent framework for navigating PSS assessment techniques. It offers promising avenues and insights into future research directions and related challenges, particularly addressing PSS with increased RESs penetration.