Quantitative Risk Assessment and Management for CO₂ Utilisation Industrial Network

As a means to control CO2 emissions, various technologies and processes related to carbon capture and utilisation have been studied with a view of creating large-scale industrial symbiosis for CO2 recycling and re-use. Such industrial networks consequently provide new economic opportunities as value-added products can be produced from waste CO2. However, investments in such networks at national or transnational scales entail technical, social and environmental risks that in turn affect the expected economic returns, with a further potential in devaluation of such investments. This study presents a hazard identification (HAZID) and quantitative risk assessment (QRA) methodology for large-scale carbon capture and utilisation networks based on existing sources and sinks in the State of Qatar, capturing technical viabilities at the process and systems levels, and compliance with local and international environment regulations. The QRA integrates hydrocarbon leakage and dispersion modelling simulation using data obtained from existing GIS databases into a single model. In assessing network failure scenarios, the model considers (a) CO2 sources, such as from LNG plant and chemical process industries, such as Methanol, Urea and Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) fuels; (b) CO2 transportation (pipeline) service corridors; and (c) CO2 sinks that manufacture value added products. Stochastic variables used to assess network robustness are represented by pipeline layouts, material and composition, diameter, pressure, temperature, heat and mass balance, other equipment items, e.g. compression station, turbine and reactors. The results demonstrate that the CO2 network should be located outside high population density area. The approach demonstrates CO2 release from 20 '' pipeline rupture to nearby residential area is relatively very low 19.07 mu g/m(3) (0.0191 ppm) that would no impact the population while the CO2 concentration at 1,000 meter wide from the centerline, 4 mu g/m(3).