Role of carbonaceous fullerene materials in crop improvement and targeted pesticide management

The unique carbon cage of carbonaceous fullerene-based materials (CFMs) provides numerous opportunities in the field of aerospace, textile, electronic, agriculture, environmental mitigation, and biomedical/clinical including antimicrobial agent, MRI, drug/gene delivery, antioxidant, etc. Significantly, the development in the field of agriculture is urgent requirement due to steadily increasing globe’s population and standard of living. Hence, it can be achieved only by increasing sufficient crop productivity by using modern nanobiotechnology. Only, few Western countries have been using modern technology in crop production. Basically, nanobiotechnology provides the development of agricultural productivity by the genetic enhancement of plants and, the distribution of drug and gene molecules, in definite sites at biological levels. With appropriate methods and sensors for managing natural resources, primary disease and impurity detection in food products, and smart delivery systems for agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, interest is growing in agriculture. A thorough examination of nanoparticles’ potential to enter into the plant cell walls and function as intelligent treatment-delivery systems in plants is necessary to realize the goal of “nano-agriculture.” Taking the above scenario into consideration, this chapter focuses on the effects of CFMs on plant functioning, pesticide management, and the crop development at the organism level.