TY - CHAP
T1 - Study of Chemical Composition in Wet Atmospheric Precipitation in Karachi, Pakistan
AU - Masood, Saiyada
AU - Saied, Sumayya
AU - Siddique, Azhar
AU - Mohiuddin, Shaikh
AU - Hussain, Mirza
AU - Khan, Muhammad
AU - Khwaja, Haider
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Anthropogenic and natural emissions in atmosphere directly affect the rainwater chemistry as its chemical speciation is representative of emission status in the surrounding area. A comprehensive study on the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out in Karachi, a mega-city of Southeast Asia to delineate the urbanization impact on the local environment. Rainwater samples were analyzed for conductivity, pH, HCO−3, F−, Cl−, NO−2, NO−3, SO2−4, Na+, NH+4, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCOO−, CH3 COO−, C2O2−4, pyruvate, malonate, propionate, glyoxylate, and total organic carbon (TOC) levels. The ionic load in rainwater samples was found to be high in the densely populated sampling sites experiencing heavy traffic activity and located adjacent to industrial zones. Na+ was the most dominant ionic species, followed by 2−, SO4 Ca2+, Cl−, HCO−3, K+, NH+4, Mg2+, NO−3, CH3 COO− and HCOO− in sequence. HCOO− and CH3 COO− were found to be the predominant carboxylic acids and their mean concentrations were 4.9 ± 7.3 and 9.4 ± 16.0 µeq/L, respectively. These organic acids together contributed with 7% to the TOC in precipitation. Source apportionment of the contaminants was accomplished by statistical techniques, which indicated strong impact of anthropogenic pollution on the rainwater chemistry in Karachi.
AB - Anthropogenic and natural emissions in atmosphere directly affect the rainwater chemistry as its chemical speciation is representative of emission status in the surrounding area. A comprehensive study on the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out in Karachi, a mega-city of Southeast Asia to delineate the urbanization impact on the local environment. Rainwater samples were analyzed for conductivity, pH, HCO−3, F−, Cl−, NO−2, NO−3, SO2−4, Na+, NH+4, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCOO−, CH3 COO−, C2O2−4, pyruvate, malonate, propionate, glyoxylate, and total organic carbon (TOC) levels. The ionic load in rainwater samples was found to be high in the densely populated sampling sites experiencing heavy traffic activity and located adjacent to industrial zones. Na+ was the most dominant ionic species, followed by 2−, SO4 Ca2+, Cl−, HCO−3, K+, NH+4, Mg2+, NO−3, CH3 COO− and HCOO− in sequence. HCOO− and CH3 COO− were found to be the predominant carboxylic acids and their mean concentrations were 4.9 ± 7.3 and 9.4 ± 16.0 µeq/L, respectively. These organic acids together contributed with 7% to the TOC in precipitation. Source apportionment of the contaminants was accomplished by statistical techniques, which indicated strong impact of anthropogenic pollution on the rainwater chemistry in Karachi.
KW - Anthropogenic pollution
KW - Karachi
KW - Organic acids
KW - Rainwater
KW - Sources
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086777508&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-01665-4_18
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-01665-4_18
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85086777508
T3 - Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation
SP - 75
EP - 78
BT - Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation
PB - Springer Nature
ER -