Thermal conductivity of different materials nanofluids Nanofluids of MXenes, metal organic frameworks, and other Nanostructured materials in heat transfer applications: Review

Nanoparticles display great potential in heat transfer applications due to their impressive thermophysical properties and unique properties, which enhances the performance of a system. This review delves into the thermophysical characteristics of various nanoparticles, including MXenes, MOFs, CNTs, and graphene, and understand the importance of nanoparticles in heat transfer. MXenes are a relatively new nanoparticle that shows a lot of potential in heat transfer applications; yet, when compared to MOFs, the results demonstrated weren't nearly as impressive because of their larger area and pore size. Conversely, the superior heat transfer performance of CNTs and graphene led to their widespread use in various applications. Thermal conductivity enhancements of 30.6, 64, and 64% for MXene, graphene, and MWCNT were observed when nanoparticles were dispersed in water, indicating better heat transfer for CNT and graphene nanoparticles. Nonetheless, even though some displayed better results than others, each nanoparticle is unique and affects the system distinctively. Additionally, in this review, nanoparticles were investigated computationally, and the results were similar to experimental findings, offering further insight into which nanofluids most effectively influence heat transfer. Overall, nanoparticles enhance system efficiency, making nanofluids reliable for diverse processes despite ongoing challenges. However, nanoparticles in many systems are still being discovered and face many challenges. Therefore, future research should try to focus on studying the effects of nanoparticles in new and largescale applications and seek solutions to the challenges faced by certain nanoparticles to improve these systems.