Transition to zero-net emissions for Qatar: A policy based on Hydrogen and CO₂ capture & storage development

A bottom-up technology rich model ETEM-Qatar is used to assess different scenarios for a transition to zero-net emissions in Qatar. The key technologies involved in the transition include electric mobility, hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and direct air capture. Through numerical simulations it is shown that Qatar could (i) start immediately to foster hybrid and electric cars for mobility, (ii) develop electricity generation from solar sources, (iii) develop carbon-free hydrogen production, (iv) introduce carbon capture and storage in all industrial sectors and, (v) develop actively direct air capture with carbon capture and storage to produce emission permits to be sold on an international carbon market. In the long-term, carbon-free hydrogen exports and emission permit sales could contribute to compensate the gas exports revenue losses that are expected in a global zero-net emissions context.